Jumat, 31 Januari 2014

Review Whats Going on In There

Whats Going On In There is a baby neurologist/brain development book. You might consider it competition for Brain Rules For Baby, except that Lise Eliot goes into depth about neurology. This is less boring than you might think, since neurons, synapses, and myelinization is all interesting stuff. However, if youre looking for a practical manual for raising children, Brain Rules For Baby is the superior book.

Part of this is that Eliot breaks apart a childs development into its multiple subskills instead of chronologically as a parent would encounter its development. That means that in one chapter, for instance, she would cover vision development from conception to 2 years, and then in the next chapter she would cover motor skills from conception to 2 years. As a result, youre never given a good timeline for how things come together, or what to watch out for when, unless you were to take notes and create one yourself out of the raw material she gives you. She tries to fix this by providing copious cross references, but those just make you annoyed, especially when you get to the cross-referenced chapter and find yet more cross references.

She covers a lot of ground, but my impression of the book is that pretty much anything you can do for your child is covered in the pre-natal pre-birth section, while she has relatively few concrete pointers for you to consider once the child is out of the womb. For instance, in a lot of places in the book she talks about high quality childcare being as good as a stay-at-home mom. But nowhere does she define what high quality childcare is, and how to find it. Sounds pretty crazy? But thats what most of the book is like.

That doesnt mean the book is useless. I found the section of why men have bigger brains than women (even after correcting for body weight) interesting. I found the discussion of gender differences interesting. I enjoyed the discussion on the impact of musical training on brain development (though its much more sparse and less in depth than I would like). There are a few gaping holes in the book (for instance, not being bilingual herself, she says nothing about bilingual upbringing except to note that it takes longer for the child to speak), but Medinas book had similar holes.

All in all, the books mildly recommended, but seriously, read Brain Rules For Baby first.
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Review The Curse of Chalion

I rarely re-read books, especially fiction. Yet when I was done with my last depressing review, I found myself turning to The Curse of Chalion, for some light, optimistic reading. One of the best things about Bujold is that she comes from writing a lot of science fiction, which means that the theology and magic in the world where Chalion is set in is rigorous, and explained well: at no point does the reader feel cheated in that some weird unexplained magic is used to get characters out of a situation or just to move the plot along. At every point in the plot where magic is used, the mechanism has been already explained before, usually in some conversation that the reader had no idea was important.

This explains my satisfaction in reading the book the first time: you really do get a sense of completion and satisfaction, as well as an "aha" insight every time the author puts some previously explained mechanism of the world to work. I was curious to see how it plays the second time around.

The big flaw in the book which jumps out the second time around is that the protagonist, Cazaril, is too perfect. He has unlimited integrity, is kind even when hes pushed to the limits and betrayed, and never at any moment feels sorry for himself, but works for his employers/liege lords without ambition for himself. It really detracts from the novel on the second reading in a way it didnt on the first.

But other than that, Im very happy to report that the book holds up well on the second reading. The plot works: there are no gaping holes in it. The universe is intelligently built, and the rules of the universe arent subject to cheating. Even the prophecy in the book is a fair one, and the reader had ample opportunity to work it out before hand (which I did on the first reading).

Some books work as great escapism for people. This is one of the ones that do it for me: a universe in which integrity, fairness, and a sense of duty is rewarded is an extremely appealing one. If that speaks to you, read the book.

Recommended
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Selasa, 28 Januari 2014

Math Coprocessor

Math Coprocessor
The Math Coprocessor is a second processor in your computer that does nothing but number crunching for the system. Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of simple numbers is not the coprocessors job. It does all the calculations involving floating point (decimal) numbers, such as scientific calculations and algebraic functions.
These functions and calculations are used in much of the computers routines and just about every software available. Spreadsheets contain statistical calculations, word processors deal with line spacing, font size and justification, and of course, any graphics or animation software is relying heavily on number crunching. The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is perfectly capable of doing these functions and calculations. As a matter of fact, that used to be part of its job. Most of the older computers (pre-486) were sold without coprocessors. So the CPU had to process all the computers hardware and software functions, handle all interrupt requests (well talk later), and direct all information and data, as well as performing all floating point calculations. This required a lot of the processors time.
By having a second processor, or coprocessor, to take over the number crunching, it can free up a lot of the CPUs precious time. This would allow the Central Processing Unit to focus all of its resources on the other functions it has to perform, thus increasing the overall speed and performance of the entire system. Its not like this was a great revelation that came over the scientific community in the midst of home computer development. The absence of a math coprocessor in early home computer systems was a matter of keeping production costs down. The advantage was recognized right from the beginning, and most of these motherboards had an empty slot for the aftermarket addition of a coprocessor. The number (or name) of the math coprocessor followed the CPUs numbering sequence, only the last digit would be a 7, not a 6. If you had an 8086 CPU then you could add an 8087 coprocessor. For an 80286 you would install an 80287.
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2012 Book Reviews

Fiction

Non-fiction
Comics
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    April 3rd The Wreck of the Rhone Cistern Point

    We woke up in the morning and immediately got to work loading up the dinghy with dive tanks. Tony was not very clear as to how we were going to dive today, and had mentioned that we might want to refill our dive tanks ourselves since he might show up and use our own boat to take us diving. Shauna had failed to get DANs dive insurance the night before, and so she wanted to make that happen as well.

    At 8:00am, folks were already ashore but the dive shop was not opened, so I called the shop and the employee said she was on the way. Horizon also called me to say that they had not received the WiFi unit, so I ended up on the phone making calls to Tonys wife and Horizon to ensure that everything would come together.

    It took until nearly 10:00am for Tony to show up, but when he did, it was on the sailing catamaran/dive boat, the Braveheart. The Braveheart was a luxury dive catamaran that made The Escape looked like a toy (though at charter rates of $19500/week for 8 people, it had better be). It had two compressors on board, a big dive platform, a water maker, and ample room: even the heads had transparent bottoms so you could look down at the fish while taking a shower.
    From Escape Catamaran 2012

    The wreck of the Rhone is a world class dive, and even though this was my second time, I still enjoyed it thoroughly. Its an old wreck, so its encrusted with wildlife, and lots of pretty things to see. It was so good that after snorkeling above us for a bit, XiaoQin decided to try diving one more time.
    From BVI 2012

    During the surface interval, a false alarm led us to believe there would be whales for us to see, and we all got into the dinghy to look for it, but it didnt happen. So we were taken to Salt Island to have a look at the salt pond instead. It was warm once out of the water, but it was interesting to look at the island. The best thing about the Braveheart is that with 2 tenders, surface intervals will never be boring.
    From BVI 2012

    The second dive was even more fun, since we were all pretty good about using relatively little air, it was agreed that we could do the Rhone and the Rhone Reef.
    From BVI 2012

    Id forgotten how pretty it was, and XiaoQin had a great time as well. We even saw a shark but I didnt have my camera ready for it so it went. I did, however, get a decent video of a turtle swimming.

    From BVI 2012

    We found a specimen of a Lion fish, an invasive species in the Caribbean, and our guide speared it, bringing it back to the Braveheart for a decapitation.
    From BVI 2012

    Soon enough, the dive was over, and we were delivered back to Escape with 2 fresh tanks replacing tanks that were previously known to be low but which we had not bothered to refill because they werent low enough to justify the money.

    We then proceeded to dive Cistern Point, which turned out to be more interesting as a dive than a snorkel. Once the coral was up close, we could see plenty of life in the area. Arturo even found a souvenir: a ring with a cork tied to it via a ribbon.
    From BVI 2012

    The nice thing about shallow dives is that they are quite long. We got 60 minutes out of our tanks. Unfortunately, John hurt himself while getting into a dinghy, rendering his hand out of action.

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    Senin, 27 Januari 2014

    Long Term Review Continental Gatorskin Tires

    For the longest time, I ran only Avocet Fasgrip tires. Theyre grippy, and they were cheap, especially after a dealer online blew them out for $13/pop. About 2 years ago, however, my supply of them finally ran out, which meant I had to switch to a new tire brand.

    For several years, Id steered clear of Continental Tires. Between 2003-2007 in the Western Wheelers Bicycle Club, I personally witnessed more Continental tire blowouts than blowouts of any other tire brand. Granted, Continental tires were very popular but so were Michelin tires, as well as Specialized. While these blowouts were not common, I saw them about once a year, and they usually resulted in hospitalization/air evacuation.

    Id run Michelin tires for many years, especially when they were $12/pop for the excellent Michelin Hi-Lite Comps. Unfortunately, Michelin realized that after market tires were market in which selling tires at a higher price would result in a perception of increased tire quality, so the Michelin Pro tires ran for about $50 each. On top of that, Michelin abandoned the use of carbon black in its tires in order to provide colorful tires so that the urban hipsters could match their tires to their frame color. While this is not of general concern in California, I do tour in rainy places and wanted a tire that provided maximum wet traction.

    The advent of the Continental Gatorskin line led many to conclude that Continentals sidewall problems are gone. Bill McCready of Santana even endorsed the 28mm tires for tandem use! I decided to give them a try. The good news is that these tires definitely wear longer than the Avocets I was using. I put them on last year in August after returning from the 2011 Tour of the Alps. (I ran Continental Gatorskin 28mm tires for that tour, but 25mm for this long term review) They recently wore through to the cords in several places. Also, the wear was more even than on the Avocets: rather than wear a penny-sized hole in one place, they wore in slices all over the tire. The tires grip fine, and I never had an issue with wet or dry traction. Furthermore, they dont flat frequently: I dont recall getting more than one flat tire or so in my entire year of riding them. (Somewhere around 3500 miles) The subjective ride quality isnt so hot: I think the Avocets I used to run feel a bit cushier, probably because the sidewall is of a different material.

    The bad news? As I was removing the old tire, I noticed that the sidewall looked a little cracked, and I had threads coming off them. Examining the rear hub, I noticed a black thread from the sidewall completely wrapped around my hub axle! The sidewalls did not look like they would last another season. Now this is for just 3500 miles of use under ideal conditions --- unlike in the past, I did not go out of my way to take these tires off road this time. It was also an unusually low mileage year for me.

    Last year, I found an international supplier of Michelin Pro 3 tires at a reasonable $30/tire. I stocked up and will switch to those for the foreseeable future, even if the prices for the tires go up. In the mean time, I am sad to be unable to recommend the Continental Gatorskin tires for those who ride aggressively and dont stop riding their bikes when the pavement ends. Theres just too much risk of hospitalization when the sidewalls blow. Now for a short tour of 3 weeks or so Id be willing to run the 28s, but only if you inspect the sidewalls frequently and regularly.

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    What is Remote Desktop Connection

    First of all, you need to enable the Remote Desktop feature on your computer so that you can control it remotely from another computer. You should be logged on as an administrator or a member of the Administrator group to enable Remote Desktop on your Windows XP Professional computer.

    In setting up your computer to use Remote Desktop, you need to do the following:

    *Open the System folder in Control Panel. Click Start, and then go to Settings, click Control Panel, and then double-click the System icon.
    * On the Remote tab, select the Allow users to connect remotely to this computer check box, as shown below.
    *Ensure that you have the proper permissions to connect to your computer remotely, and click OK.
    *Leave your computer running and connected to the company network with Internet access. Lock your computer, and leave your office.

    The Remote Desktop Connection client software allows a computer running Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 98 Second Edition, Windows Me, Windows NT 4.0 or Windows 2000 to control your Windows XP Professional computer remotely. The client software is available on the installation CD for Windows XP Professional and Windows XP Home Edition. The client software is installed by default on computers running Windows XP Professional and Windows XP Home Edition.

    To install Remote Desktop Connection software on a client computer

    *Insert the Windows XP compact disc into your CD-ROM drive.
    *When the Welcome page appears, click Perform additional tasks, and then click Setup Remote Desktop Connection as shown below.
    *When the installation wizard starts, follow the directions that appear on your screen.

    Once you have enabled your Windows XP Professional computer to allow remote connections, and installed client software on a Windows-based client computer, you are ready to start a Remote Desktop session.


    To create a new Remote Desktop Connection

    *Open Remote Desktop Connection. (Click Start, point to Programs or All Programs, point to Accessories, point to Communications, and then click Remote Desktop Connection.)
    *In Computer, type the computer name for your computer running Windows XP Professional that has Remote Desktop enabled and for which you have Remote Desktop permissions
    *Click Connect.
    *The Log On to Windows dialog box appears.
    *In the Log On to Windows dialog box, type your user name, password, and domain (if required), and then click OK. The Remote Desktop window will open and you will see the desktop settings, files, and programs that are on your office computer. Your office computer will remain locked.
    *Nobody will be able to work at your office computer without a password, nor will anyone see the work you are doing on your office computer remotely. Note: To change your connection settings, (such as screen size, automatic logon information, and performance options), click Options before you connect.

    To open a saved connection

    *In Windows Explorer, open the My DocumentsRemote Desktops folder.
    *Click the .Rdp file for the connection you want to open. Note: A Remote Desktop file (.rdp) file contains all of the information for a connection to a remote computer, including the Options settings that were configured when the file was saved. You can customize any number of .rdp files, including files for connecting to the same computer with different settings. For example, you can save a file that connects to MyComputer in full screen mode and another file that connects to the same computer in 800×600 screen size. By default, .rdp files are saved in the My DocumentsRemote Desktops folder. To edit an .rdp file and change the connections settings it contains, right-click the file and then click Edit.

    To log off and end the session

    *In the Remote Desktop Connection window, click Start, and then click Shut Down.
    *The Shut Down Windows dialog box appears.
    *In the drop-down menu, select Log Off , and then click OK.
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    Minggu, 26 Januari 2014

    Followup T mobile Pay As You Go

    Earlier this year, I wrote about the T-mobile prepaid plans and how you could buy a Web Daypass for $1.50 a day unlimited data. Unfortunately, T-mobile expired the Web Daypass without telling anyone, so now were stuck with several more expensive plans.

    If youre willing to live with 2G speeds, you can pay $2/day for unlimited data, but only over the Edge network. This kinda sucks. For 3G, you now have to pay $3/day for unlimited data. If youre traveling for extended periods and need data all the time but are willing to live with 100 minutes of voice calling (no big deal, since you can always use Skype), then you can opt for the $30/month 100 minutes/unlimited data plan. These are all pre-paid plans, so no contracts.

    One of the nice things about the T-mobile pay as you go plan is that if you start off with $100 of credit, that lasts for a year. If youre like me, you dont use anywhere close to 1000 minutes of calling a year (especially with Google voice where you can pick up your land-line if youre at home). What most people dont know is that all you have to do is to "refill" your T-mobile prepaid SIM for $10 any time, and you get extended for another year from the most recent refill! So if you dont call a lot and are usually in a WiFi zone, your mobile phone service could easily be $10/year. I just called T-mobiles customer service and verified that if you switch between the pay-as-you-go plan and the monthly prepaid plans you will retain your gold rewards status (which is what enables the 1 year between renewals).

    Republic Wireless is currently trialing a plan for unlimited data and voice for $19/month provided youre mostly in a WiFi zone (note that you have to buy their specific phone --- this is not a bring your own phone service). This is a good price if you dont want to ever think about metering. My experience, though is that the pay-as-you-go T-mobile plans have been extremely cost effective.
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    Long Term Review Seagate Momentus XT Hybrid SSD Drive

    In an attempt to reduce my power footprint, Ive recently switched to using my Thinkpad X201 as my primary workstation. This let me fully test out the Seagate Momentus XT which I installed in early August.

    The main reason for that installation was that I found myself traveling quite a bit with the laptop giving presentations. When you give a lot of presentations, time spent booting up and setting up the machine stretches and you seem to spend all your time waiting to boot. The Seagate XT hard drive did a good job in that respect. Boot ups were every bit as fast as I could expect, and the time between login and having a usable machine to boot up Powerpoint was nothing short of astounding.

    What I wasnt prepared for, however, is what happens when you actually get a chance to use the machine day in day out. After a few cycles for the hard drive to learn your habits, applications start up now with a magical quality. Google Chrome starts instantaneously, like when I was running off an SSD. Microsoft Word, Powerpoint, and other frequently used applications startup even faster than on my Desktop, in under 2 seconds. All this without my ever worrying about running out of disk space on the laptop, which would have been a concern with a SSD.

    All in all, this is a highly recommended upgrade. Compared to regular SSDs, its very reliable, has higher capacity, and is much much cheaper. If/when I get back to using my desktop on a regular basis again, Ill upgrade that machines HDD to a hybrid SSD as well. Its that good. I cant imagine going back to the expense, limited capacity and unreliability of an SSD after this.
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    Prologue

    We flew on June 13th from San Francisco, flying through Charles De Gaulle before landing in Austria. Air France screwed up twice: first, it split XiaoQin and I in the seat assignments, which was fortunately rectified when one woman gave up her seat so that the two of us could sit together and take care of the baby. Secondly, they lost our stroller in Charles De Gaulle, which meant that we were forced to take the taxi to the apartment we rented, since there was no way to carry our two backpacks plus the baby onto the train easily.
    From Europe 2012 Selects
    Upon arrival at our rental apartment, our host, Eva met us and gave us the keys and an overview of the apartment. We were too tired to cook, but fortunately we had arranged (with Evas help) for a baby sitter, Zsanett, who took care of Bowen while XiaoQin and I went and grabbed dinner at the local restaurant which Eva recommended (which turned out to be a Chinese buffet place, common all over Austria).

    When we got back, Bowen was asleep, so we managed to get a shower and then turn ourselves in. But of course, we were all jet-lagged, including poor Bowen, so he woke up during the night and had a hard time going back to sleep afterwards, a pattern that would recur for a few days.
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    SandForce

    SandForce Driven
    SandForce was an American fabless semiconductor company based in Milpitas, California, that designed and manufactured flash memory controllers for solid-state drives (SSDs). On January 4, 2012, SandForce was acquired by LSI Corporation and became the Flash Components Division of LSI.




    SandForce was founded in 2006 by Alex Naqvi and Rado Danilak, as a startup company. In April 2009, they announced their entrance into the solid-state drive market.

    SandForce did not sell complete solid-state drives, but rather flash memory controllers, called SSD processors, to partners who then built and sold complete SSDs to manufacturers, corporations, and end-users.[6] However, another division of LSI uses the SandForce SSD processor in the LSI Nytro PCIe product line. The key component of any SSD is actually the controller, upon which SandForce focuses. Zsolt Kerekes, an SSD Market Analyst and publisher of StorageSearch.com, said in 2011 that SandForce was the best-known maker of SSD controllers.

    Technology
    SandForce uses inexpensive MLC flash memory in an enterprise computing environment with a 5-year expected life. At the time the company emerged from stealth mode, other solid-state drives in the enterprise were using the more expensive SLC flash memory.

    SandForce gave the name "DuraClass" to the overall technology incorporated in its controllers. SandForce controllers do not use DRAM for caching which reduces cost and complexity compared to most other SSD controllers. SandForce controllers also use a proprietary compression system to minimize the amount of data actually written to non-volatile memory (the "write amplification") which increases speed and lifetime for most data (known as "DuraWrite"). SandForce claims to have reduced write amplification to 0.5 on a typical workload. As a byproduct, data that cannot readily be compressed (for example random data, encrypted files or partitions, compressed files, or many common audio and video file formats) is slower to write. Other features include error detection and correction technology known as "RAISE" (Redundant Array of Independent Silicon Elements) which improves the disk failure rates, and AES encryption  which works in the background and is completely automatic. It is linked to the BIOS password and encrypts the user data at the full speed of the data as it passes through the controller.
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    Sabtu, 25 Januari 2014

    Culture

    I recently ran across a couple of articles about Google. The first was an interview with one of Jaikus co-founders. The second was an assertion that Google needs to hire people other than engineers. Then theres the common assertion that big companies (such as Google) dont innovate enough, and finally theres the phenomenon that Ive always wondered about, which was that Microsoft at its height of influence had the entire valley in fear, while startups in the valley today (and elsewhere) seem to thumb their noses at Google with impunity. One startup I talked to said to me, "Google is incapable of moving fast enough to compete with us even if they wanted to." In this blog post, Im going to attempt to tie together all of these threads and make them coherent. Feedback, of course is always welcome.

    First, its a myth that big companies do not innovate. One of my favorite books on the topic, How the Mighty Fall, shows that even failing large companies throw more money at innovation, not less. Googles continuing to innovate on multiple fronts in distributed computing, self-driving cars, image processing, and countless other areas that has computer science faculty leaving their tenured jobs to join Google. In fact, if theres one thing that Google is really good at, its the ability to bring computer science research from academia and make it real in products for millions of people. Google voice actions, for instance, required gobs of data, statistical machine learning, and fast servers to do what it does. The need to do so is now driving Apple to build large data centers despite Apples notable failure at network and cloud computing. This is an area that Google has a decisive advantage and it must drive Apple nuts. Similarly, Google navigation on the phone requires a huge investment in cars that can crawl the worlds streets and send back imagery and image data, coupled with investments in smart routing algorithms, not to mention the ability to stitch together all that data and turn it into maps. I have no doubt that further innovation on the front of real time data processing will enable Google to stay way ahead of the competition.

    Then where does Google fail? I think its not instructive to look at outright failures here, but to look at how Googles approach is completely different from the competition. The most popular feature of Facebook is photos. If you think about Facebook as a photo site with a few other features I think youll not be far wrong. Why is Facebook photos so popular? Its got crap resolution, not that great a user interface, and is uninteresting. The answer as detailed in The Facebook Effect is tagging. If you look at the act of tagging, theres no real computer science involved: the amount of image processing required is minimal, since the user is the one providing the information about where the faces are. The Google answer here is to spend millions acquiring Neven Vision and then to integrate it into PicasaWeb and Picasa. Not only was this expensive and late (as compared to merely copying Facebooks hacky Face tagging feature), it proved to be nearly useless. Early versions confused peoples faces enough that you couldnt trust it to run without a verification (even Google today doesnt let you do this). Further more, the "tagging" didnt copying another important Facebook feature: that of notifying your friends that they were tagged in a photo. Since all that data is locked away in the privacy of one persons account, you couldnt share, improve, and get better. And nobody used the feature. Heres the thing: the guy who did the tagging feature at Facebook probably got lots of recognition for it. Even if some smart engineer decided to simply copy Facebooks feature at Google, it would be very likely that he would be blocked at launch, or that he would simply not be recognized for doing this important work! The concept that a smart hack could be far more important than a computer science breakthrough does not exist at Google!

    Once you realize this, several things fall into place. For instance, it explains why PicasaWebs storage pricing in the early days was insane (it was something like $20 for 6GB per year). While sites like SmugMug, etc., could help defray storage costs by selling photos and revenue sharing with users, copying that feature would not have been an important computer science breakthrough, so Google never did it. While other sites made photographers happy by allowing them to change the background of their photos, Google never did it --- you wouldnt get recognized for doing this. Letting Picasa do something easily useful like stitching together photos automatically wasnt important, because that was a solved problem. This explains why gtags is still a 20% project despite a large number of engineers inside Google depending on it for productivity --- theres insufficient computer science content there for it to get engineers behind it. An alternative project with much more computer science content (and requiring correspondingly much greater resources) was funded and staffed instead.

    Orkut, for instance, never got sufficient engineering resources behind the property despite the founders clearly saying that it was an important product for similar reasons. And of course, startups thumb their nose at Google because while most startups do not have the resources to put together GFS, Bigtable, or a major computer science breakthrough, they mostly have no problem coming up with and implementing great applications such as FourSquare (no computer science there), Farmville, or even finding alternate revenue sources for their great photo site. Google, by contrast, isnt hungry enough for that, and at this point, even if Larry Page wanted to change Googles culture to make it capable of recognizing such contributions as being important, there would be too much resistance from the upper ranks of the engineering organization that he probably could not make it happen.

    This shows how important corporate culture is to the kind of projects Google should and should not undertake, and my guess is this is why Paul Buchheit made the statement that Google will land on the moon before it beats Facebook. Google certainly has all the engineering and product capability to do social products. Its missing the cultural capability, and thats what matters in this race.
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